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| Post = Marquis Zhuang }} Zhang He (died 231), courtesy name Junyi, was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei under its first two rulers, Cao Pi and Cao Rui, during the Three Kingdoms period until his death. Zhang He began his career under Han Fu, the Inspector of Ji Province, in the 180s when he joined the Han imperial forces in suppressing the Yellow Turban Rebellion. He became a subordinate of the warlord Yuan Shao in 191 after Han Fu's governorship of Ji Province was taken over by Yuan. Throughout the 190s, Zhang He fought in the battles against Yuan Shao's northern rival Gongsun Zan. In 200, Zhang He initially fought on Yuan Shao's side at the Battle of Guandu against Cao Cao, a warlord who controlled the Han central government. However, he defected to Cao Cao after Yuan Shao's defeat at Guandu in the same year.〔Two other accounts claimed that Zhang He defected to Cao Cao's side before Yuan Shao lost the Battle of Guandu. See #Inconsistency in historical records.〕 Since then, he had fought in several wars under Cao Cao's banner, including the campaigns against Yuan Shao's heirs and allies (201–207), the expeditions in northwestern China (211–214), and the battles around Hanzhong (215–219). After Cao Cao's death in 220, Zhang He served in Wei and fought in battles against Wei's rival states, Shu Han and Eastern Wu. His best known victory was at the Battle of Jieting in 228, in which he defeated the Shu general Ma Su by sealing off the enemy's access to water supplies and then attacking them. In 231, he was killed in an ambush laid by Shu forces during the Battle of Mount Qi while he was reluctantly pursuing a retreating enemy force. Chen Shou, who wrote Zhang He's biography in the historical text ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' (''Sanguozhi''), named Zhang one of the Five Elite Generals of his time, alongside Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Yu Jin and Xu Huang.〔(評曰：太祖建茲武功，而時之良將，五子為先。于禁最號毅重，然弗克其終。張郃以巧變為稱，樂進以驍果顯名，而鑒其行事，未副所聞。或注記有遺漏，未如張遼、徐晃之備詳也。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 17.〕 ==Service under Han Fu and Yuan Shao== Zhang He was from Mao county (鄚縣), Hejian state (河閒國), which is in present-day Maozhou, Renqiu, Cangzhou, Hebei. Towards the end of the Han dynasty, when the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, he responded to the Han government's call for volunteers to serve in the army and help to suppress the revolt. He was appointed as an army Major (司馬) and placed under the command of Han Fu, the Inspector (刺史) of Ji Province (present-day southern Hebei). In 191,〔''Zizhi Tongjian'' vol. 60.〕 after Han Fu relinquished his control of Ji Province to the warlord Yuan Shao, Zhang He came to serve Yuan and was promoted to the rank of Colonel (校尉). Between 191 and 199, Zhang He fought on Yuan Shao's side in the war between Yuan and his rival Gongsun Zan. In 199,〔''Zizhi Tongjian'' vol. 63.〕 after Yuan Shao had eliminated Gongsun Zan at the Battle of Yijing, Zhang He was further promoted to "General of the Household Who Brings Peace to the Country" (寧國中郎將) for his achievements in battle.〔(張郃字儁乂，河閒鄚人也。漢末應募討黃巾，為軍司馬，屬韓馥。馥敗，以兵歸袁紹。紹以郃為校尉，使拒公孫瓚。瓚破，郃功多，遷寧國中郎將。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 17.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhang He」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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